Free Essays on Ann Radcliffes Writing Style In “The Italian“

Suspense is what makes us intrigued to Ann Radcliffe’s works. She makes us have the absolute need to find out what happens throughout the story of â€Å"The Italian†. Her vague descriptions and the way that she makes the characters let out information is almost wrong from a reader’s point of view only because she gives you enough to make you want more. We could almost say that she makes you addicted to the story. The first chapter makes us start to wonder right away about the man in the church. We went over in class that the Englishman gets some information from someone else which makes him inquire as to what is going on. "'He [the assassin] sought sanctuary here', replied the friar; 'within these walls he may not be hurt'"(2). Now obviously that entire sentence is intriguing in itself. What the story will play out like is only touched on to the point where we must read on, or choose to stay up all night thinking about it. Why is it that the English guy’s friend wants to send him a written explanation of what occurred in the church instead of meeting at the shop on the street? It’s hard to understand why that part ends so suddenly, but of course we believe that we will eventually find out. Radcliffe likes to play with the reader’s emotions as much as possible, almost in a â€Å"how far can I take them† manner. Just when we think we are about to find out something that has been poking us in the ribs, she makes it take another twist. She makes us engaged, but also a little annoyed at what interesting, yet sparse amount of information she gives us. At the point in which Vivaldi goes into the house chasing the dark cloaked man, he comes out as white as a sheet, as if he had seen a ghost. Now us, the reader, know that an event had to take place in this event, but Radcliffe does not allow him to explain even an inkling of what happened. So once again, we are left wanting. It did not necessarily have to be blood, but we see it t... Free Essays on Ann Radcliffe's Writing Style In â€Å"The Italianâ€Å" Free Essays on Ann Radcliffe's Writing Style In â€Å"The Italianâ€Å" Suspense is what makes us intrigued to Ann Radcliffe’s works. She makes us have the absolute need to find out what happens throughout the story of â€Å"The Italian†. Her vague descriptions and the way that she makes the characters let out information is almost wrong from a reader’s point of view only because she gives you enough to make you want more. We could almost say that she makes you addicted to the story. The first chapter makes us start to wonder right away about the man in the church. We went over in class that the Englishman gets some information from someone else which makes him inquire as to what is going on. "'He [the assassin] sought sanctuary here', replied the friar; 'within these walls he may not be hurt'"(2). Now obviously that entire sentence is intriguing in itself. What the story will play out like is only touched on to the point where we must read on, or choose to stay up all night thinking about it. Why is it that the English guy’s friend wants to send him a written explanation of what occurred in the church instead of meeting at the shop on the street? It’s hard to understand why that part ends so suddenly, but of course we believe that we will eventually find out. Radcliffe likes to play with the reader’s emotions as much as possible, almost in a â€Å"how far can I take them† manner. Just when we think we are about to find out something that has been poking us in the ribs, she makes it take another twist. She makes us engaged, but also a little annoyed at what interesting, yet sparse amount of information she gives us. At the point in which Vivaldi goes into the house chasing the dark cloaked man, he comes out as white as a sheet, as if he had seen a ghost. Now us, the reader, know that an event had to take place in this event, but Radcliffe does not allow him to explain even an inkling of what happened. So once again, we are left wanting. It did not necessarily have to be blood, but we see it t...

Body Figures Essays

Body Figures Essays Body Figures Paper Body Figures Paper (1983) Cross culture Differences in the Perception of Female Body Shapes. Psychological Medicine, 1983, 13, 829 – 837. Garner D Garfinkel E (1980) Socio cultural factors in Development of Anorexia Nervosa, Psycho med, 10 (4) pp 647 – 656. Goehring J. Modern standards of Beauty: Nature or Nurture? An evolutionary Perspective; Evolutions Voyage, January 1999 retrieved from www. evoyage. com/evolutionary%20feminim/modernstandarbeauty. htm Regina P. Beauty’s Ugly Spot. The Hindu magazine, no7 2002 retrieved from www. hindu. com /the hindu/mag/2002/11/7/stories/2002/1/700560100. htm. Singh D. Randall P. (2007) Beauty is in the Eye of the Plastic Surgeon: Waist- Hip Ration (WHR) and Women’s Attractiveness. Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 43, issue 2, July 2007 pp 329 – 340. Sing, D. (1993), Adaptive Significance of Female Physical Attractiveness: Role of Waist to Hip- Ratio. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 117 (3), pg 264 – 271. Obesity Measurement retrieved from www. mens-helath. health. canes. net/obesity-measurement. php. Singh, D. ‘An Evolutionary Theory 0f Female Physical Attractiveness, Psi Chi, vol 10 iss3. Swami, V. , Antonakopoulas, N. , Tovee M Furnham A (2006) A Critical Test of Waist to Hip Ratio Hypothesis of Women’s Physical attractiveness in Britain and Greece. Sex roles Springer Netherlands, Vol. 54 no 3-4, Feb 2006, pg 2. 1 – 211. Szabo C, Berk M, Tlou E and Allwood W. (1995) Eating Disorders in Black South African Females: A series of Cases, South African Medical Journal. 1995, (85) 588 – 598. Beumont P. George GCW and Smart D, Dieters and Vomiters and Purgers in Anorexia Nervosa Pubmed Articles retrieved from www. pubmed. com/anorexia_nervosa. html Szabo C, Allwood W (2006) Body Figure Preference in South African Adbileslent Females: A Cross Study. Pubmed Article African Health Sciences, 2006 December 6 (4) 201 – 206. Thomas, W. ‘Beauty in Shape: Fashion- Eva. com retrieved from www. fashionera. com/beauty_is_shape. htm

Central government advertising campaigns are designed to persuade Essay

Central government advertising campaigns are designed to persuade rather than to inform citizens about policy - Essay Example This essay describes why advertisement campaigns of the Central Government in the UK are persuasive, but not informative. In order to establish the reasons there are 5 are certain examples of the kind of advertising by the Central Government in the UK. This "Central government advertising campaigns are designed to persuade rather than to inform citizens about policy" essay outlines five UK's Government's advertisement and why they are not effective. 1. NHS Anti Smoking: Smoke, and your body takes a beating – The main purpose of this ad would be to inform the people that smoking is bad for their health. It shows us a man who is smoking a cigarette and it seems like he is being beaten very badly by an invisible person (UTalk Marketing 2009). The ad ends with the warning: ‘Smoke, and your body takes a beating.’ But by showing just how drastic an effect smoking can have on one’s body, the campaign ensures that it has the attention of smokers and non-smokers and might be able to convince them to leave the habit, or not take it up in the first place. 2. Change4Life: Me-sized meals – This ad focuses on the rising problem of obesity and its various effects such as cancer, type two diabetes and so on. The problem of obesity begins at the infant stage, when mothers over-feed their young children in the name of ensuring they get enough nourishment, and therefore make them fat at a young age. The ad goes on to convince them to give their children meals that are proportionate to their size, and not serve them grown up portions. (Department of Health 2009). By using a child to convey this message, this ad ensures that the parents get the message, loud and clear. 3. Swine Flu: Going down – Some people need to be reminded of simple things such as you should cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze so you do not spread the germs. (Search For Truth 2009). This ad shows how a simple act such as sneezing and not covering your mouth can infect everyone around you. The ad conveys this message very well by showing the chain reaction one man might set off by sneezing in a public space like an elevator. The best part is when a child offers the ill man a tissue, showing that it’s just that simple. 4. Speed limit: Kill your speed or live with it – Speeding has always been a major concern to every government. This ad is simple and effective. It shows you the consequences of speeding – which you have to live with for the rest of your life. A man sees the dead body of a young boy he has killed because of over speeding, everywhere, all the time (ThinkUK 2009). He ca not do anything to change what he did, he just has to live with it. The ad very cleverly uses the concept of survivor’s guilt and sends a strong message to the audience. 5. Drug Drive TV: Eyes – Everyone reminds people about drunken driving. This ad talks about Drug driving, and how the eyes of a person have an involuntary reaction to drugs, that can be spotted by the policemen (ThinkUKa 2009). It goes on to warn the teenagers that drug driving is a serious offence and has the same consequences as drunken driving. The ad is simple, and effective. And it shows the target that they cannot hide the fact that they are under the influence. Based on the ads described above, it is understandable why the central government’s advertising is more persuasive than informative. All of the causes that have are being advertised – smoking, obesity, swine flu, over speeding, drug driving – are problems that not many take seriously. People are of the opinion that there should be a lot more discipline in the way the government’s finances are used especially when it comes to advertising. In the opinion of Parliament: Select Committee on Communications (2009), ‘advertising should focus on areas when there is a clear public benefit such as safety or public health campaigns’. Thus, it is essential that the government not just get people’s attention and inform them of the consequences

GDP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

GDP - Assignment Example Subsequently, assuming an increase in the real GDP per person, the rise in the real national GDP would indicate that the standards of living for the citizens has risen too. This is in consideration of the ownership of material things such as shelter, food and clothing which are fundamental to wellbeing. The increased standard of living could also be as a result of the enhanced security, access to safe water, justice, access to medical care and a safe environment. However, more of these outputs are more easily obtained by using fewer resources to produce more goods (Mankiw, 2007). The use of GDP as a measure of economic well-being has several limitations. First, it results in changes in quality of products by including new goods that replace older products. Second, it does not consider the leisure time or how hard people work to produce output; thus, likely to understate change in real income. Third, GDP does not recognize the underground economy (non-market production) involving cash transactions and barter trades conducted outside the recorded marketplaces (Mankiw, 2007). Fourth, GDP ignores the harmful side effects of goods (economic bads) like pollution in its statistics by counting them the same as goods, as well as GDP places no value on the environmental costs of the

Why Effective Communication Is Important in Building Positive Relationships Essay Example for Free

Why Effective Communication Is Important in Building Positive Relationships Essay Why effective communication is important in building positive relationships It is important to develop positive relationships with children, young people and adults. A Positive relationship is a relationship that benefits children and young people, and their ability to participate in and benefit from the setting. To develop this relationship we must communicate effectively. To communicate effectively we must think about how we speak to others and also how we respond to them. By communicating effectively we will be non-confusing and build up trust. This will mean that we are more likely to have open and honest communication. It is important to communicate effectively with pupils so that they feel secure and comfortable to speak to you. This may mean that they will feel comfortable telling you that they are struggling with a certain aspect of their work, that they are having troubles with another child in the class or maybe that they will disclose information about their home life. We must also be effective with our communication so we can clearly set expectations and boundaries without being confusing. If we communicate effectively with parents/carers and other adults that come into the school, we are more likely to receive their support. Ultimately this will be beneficial towards the pupils as we are more likely to have open communication with them. Effective communication with colleagues is important to make sure that we are able to share good practice and support each other. It is also important to make sure that the service you are providing is of the greatest value for the pupils, for example; if you are asked to work with a group of pupils and teach them something which you know they have already learnt. It is important that you have a relationship with the teacher where you would feel comfortable telling them that the children have already learned that specific skill, and find out if it would be more beneficial to work with a different group or to teach them something else. If we do not communicate effectively it can mean that we are likely to avoid each other. This can lead to misunderstandings, a lack of trust and bad feelings. As such we will not achieve a positive relationship and not gain any of the benefits outlined above.

Memory and Time Essay -- Informative, Episodic Memory

Critically assess the theory that our memory for the past is a crucial element in imagining the future. Human beings do not have the ability to travel in time; therefore the only way to detach themselves from the present is through their mental world, where they can access past recollections as well as prospective expectations. The only memory system allowing individuals to mentally time travel is episodic memory. Bartlett (1932) proposed the idea that memory is not an actual reproduction of the past, but a constructive process in which distinct pieces of information from various sources are drawn together. Therefore episodic memory does not just hold and retrieve exact replicas of past experiences but rather holds detailed distinctive informations which allow individuals to recollect past events. Schacter and Addis (2007) argued that details from the past episodes are also crucial for fabricating or imagining future scenes and occurring. This ability is referred to as prospection or episodic future thinking. Re-experiencing of past events and the capacity of the pre-experience episodes in the future are enabled by the same episodic memory system. However as the future is not an exact duplication of the past, they argue that simulating of the future happenings is enabled by a constructive, rather than reproductive system, able to extract and recombine elements from the past experiences in order to imagine the future. If this claim is correct there should be a considerable overlap in psychological as well as in neural processes involved in remembering the past and imagining the future. Shao, Yao, Ceci and Wang (2010) reject Schacter and Addis’ idea, claiming that future scenarios are not merely a reflection of the past but ... ...nd into the future operates on the same cognitive capacities. The argument was supported with presenting brief descriptions of behavioural studies and neuroimaging experiments, presenting evidence for the claims that recollecting the past and envisioning the future involve a shared brain network and that imagining future scenarios requires collecting and amending details from the past. Contradictory to this view, the essay presented Shao, Yao, Ceci and Wang’s theory of the importance of individual concept of self on envisioning future events, showing differences in peoples past and future self concepts. Furthermore, the essay was summed up with the idea that both views should meet on a common ground, as mental time travel into the past and the future is enabled by a shared brain network, however it is also influenced by acquired non personal knowledge of the world.

IBM: Corporate Level Strategy Essay

IBM operates primarily in a single industry using several segments that create a value by offering a variety of solutions that include, either singularly or in some combination, technologies, systems, products, services, software and financing. This may lead you to believe that IBM has adopted a corporate level strategy of concentrating on a single business unit, but this is only half the picture. For IBM there is not one general type of corporate strategy that best suits their needs, but a combination of both a concentration on a single business strategy as well as a vertical integration strategy. A single business unit strategy means that IBM is concentrating on competing successfully within the confines of a single business unit. An advantage of choosing such a strategy is that the IBM can focus its total and collective resources to dominating and becoming successful in this business area. If IBM were to attempt to pursue some other strategy such as diversification, they might spread their resources out too thin, thus inhibiting them from taking advantage of some other opportunities that may come about due to a lack of available resources. Another advantage to pursuing a single business unit strategy is that IBM is remaining within an area with which it has a great deal of competence and experience. This decreases the likelihood of IBM partaking in a venture that may be unsuccessful and it keeps IBM in an area where their existing capabilities and resources can contribute and add value. But concentrating on just one business area may not be enough and so as previously stated, IBM has also adopted a corporate level strategy that involves vertical integration. Vertical integration can be seen in the corporate level strategy of IBM in their acquisition of various inputs such as the LSG Group Inc., which offers services ranging from application development to information technology consulting. This is known as backward or upstream integration. Choosing a strategy such as vertical integration generally gives a company a competitive advantage by improving scheduling, by creating efficiency-enhanced assets, by protecting product quality and by enabling the company to build barriers to new competition. IBM operates in more than 150 countries worldwide and derives more than half of its revenues from sales outside the United States. IBM has adopted an international strategy with respect to how it plans to compete and operate globally. By adopting an international strategy IBM looks to create value on a global basis by transferring valuable skill and products to foreign markets where local competitors lack those skills and products. Although much of IBM’s revenues come from overseas sales, they tend centralize the majority of the decision-making and other company functions right her in the United States. This means that they first develop marketing and product decisions in the United States and then transfer what they have done in the United States to other countries. This does not mean that no adaptation was done at all but it does mean that any adaptation that may have been done was kept to a minimal. In many cases the modifications IBM may carry out with respect to its business decisions in a particular market may be due to the laws and policies in a particular country. IBM could also be forced to modify its business decisions in a certain country due to the economic and political changes in those countries and by macroeconomic changes, including recessions and inflation. An example of this would be when a weakness in the economy of Asia had an adverse effect on the companies business in 1998 and forced it to change its strategy with respect to that market while the countries economy got itself back together.

Reverend Hale Essay

In Arthur Miller’s, The Crucible, when characters are faced with adversity, they are forced to show their true morals and beliefs. The character of Reverend Hale fights a battle between what ideasl have been engraved in his mind by books and society, and what he feels in his soul is truly right. In the end his soul prevails and finds him completely changed. Because he is a character with such high moral standards regarding everything he does, he sees the flaws and falsities of the witch trials and changes from naively believing completely in witchcraft, to losing all faith in the religion of Salem and deciding that earthly life is superlative and worth lying for. At first, Reverend Hale’s character is concrete in his beliefs on witchcraft and is sure of his duty to carry out the will of God. He has dedicated his whole life to the Puritan religion and learning about witches and witchcraft. In this call to Salem he sees his first opportunity to put his knowledge and dedication to work. When introducing him, Miller describes Hale as, â€Å"a tight skinned, eager-eyed intellectual. This is a beloved errand for him; on being called here to ascertain witchcraft he has felt the pride of the specialist whose unique knowledge has at last been publicly called for† (32). Hale enters in a flurry of activity, carrying large books and projecting an air of great knowledge. He becomes the force behind the trials, passionately searching out the evil among the people in Salem, and putting all his efforts into redeeming them. What is more significant about Hale’s character in this early part is not his actions, but motives. His motives are always for the good of the people and what is right to God. This goodness is what leads to his transformation because it helps him to see the true good and evil when others are blinded by their pride or ulterior motives. As more and more people are convicted, Hale begins to doubt himself. His inner conflict builds with every person accused and convicted, because he senses the innocence of these people. He has trouble believing that characters such as Rebecca Nurse and Elizabeth Proctor could possibly be involved in witchcraft. His doubts are assured and solidified when he  witnesses John Proctor accusing Abigail and the other girls of lying. Speaking to Danforth about his doubts on the accusations, he says, â€Å"I dare not take a life without there be a proof so immaculate no slightest qualm of conscience may doubt it† (99). And then when talking about having to convict Rebecca Nurse, he says, â€Å"I’ll not conceal it, may hand shakes yet as with a wound!† (100). These two quotes show how Hale’s character shows increasing doubt on something which he at first very adamantly believed. He senses more and more the falsity of the girl’s testimonies, and when John Proctor testifies, Hale realizes that he can no longer deny his suspicions. It becomes obvious where the truth lies, but out of all the officials of the court, only Hale is able to denounce his past beliefs and let go of his pride. Although Hale succeeds in finding the truth and redeeming himself, he is helpless to take action against the court. This makes Hale lose all faith in the law. He dismisses himself of his position in the court, and when he cannot expose the proceeding as a sham, he finds himself begging those accused to confess to the crime and therefore save their lives. Hale goes from being a â€Å"tight-skinned, eager eyed individual,† to being broken by his failures and the deaths that he is in some ways partly responsible for. Although he comes to a state of despair, Hale does not give up in helping the people which he once convicted. Because this play is a tragedy, Hale fails in saving the lives of the heroes, but Hale’s change is significant because it shows how in some cases goodness will prevail. In his transformation, Hale becomes a character that is good, but not quite as strong as the heroes in the play who choose to die rather than lie. Although Hale recognizes the evils of the witchcraft trials, his response is not defiance but surrender. Because he cannot stand to see these good people die because of the pride and vengeance of others, he gives to injustice and insists that survival is the highest good. When Hale comes to try to get the accused to confess, he states, â€Å"I come to do the devils work. I come to counsel Christians they should belie themselves . . . can you not see the blood on my head† (131). He states with a little sarcasm that he is now to  commit a sin by getting these people to lie, yet is still doing it for the good because the witch trials have all completely been a lie. Hale has lived his whole life following the book and being a true Christian, but because he becomes so discouraged from the witchcraft trials, he finds himself wanting only for these people to live, no matter if it is a mortal sin. He also says that, â€Å"God damns a liar less than he that throws his life away for pride†(131). Although the people who decide to die rather than confess are doing it for reason other than pride, Hale comes to believe that nothing, good or bad, which has come from the trials is worth dying for. In his transformation, he comes to believe that earthly life is a greater gift that eternal life. Hale is a remarkable character. For any person to have the strength to give up something they have believed their whole life takes courage, as well as having to give up all of your pride. With Hale doing this, he becomes broken and gives in to surrender and injustice in order to save lives. Hale is completely transformed by the trials, and the only substantial part of Hale that does not change is his desire to do good; what does changes is how he vies what â€Å"good† may be. Because he believed so vehemently in what he was doing before, once he opens to the truth he loses all faith in things he believed before, such as the law and in some ways religion. Because of Hale’s innocent character, he cannot stand to see other innocent people die because of a lie, and decides that it is most important that they save their lives. Hale’s character goes through all these transformations because of his motives in his life. Because he is motivated by doing what is right and fair, he is able to see the falsity in the trials and become dedicated to saving the lives of those who were innocent.

Ancient Traders and Merchants of Mesoamerica

Ancient Traders and Merchants of Mesoamerica A strong market economy was a very important aspect of Mesoamerican cultures. Although much of our information about the market economy in Mesoamerica comes primarily from the Aztec/Mexica world during the Late Postclassic, there is clear evidence that markets played a major role throughout Mesoamerica in the diffusion of goods at least as recently as the Classic period. Further, it is clear that merchants were a high-status group of most of the Mesoamerican societies. Luxury Goods for the Elites Beginning during the Classic Period (AD 250-800/900), merchants supported urban specialists with raw materials and finished goods to convert into luxury goods for the elites, and exportable items for trade. Specific materials traded differed from region to region, but, in general, the merchant job involved acquiring, for example, coastal items such as shells, salt, exotic fish and marine mammals, and then exchanging them for materials from the inland such as precious stones, cotton and maguey fibers, cacao, tropical bird feathers, especially precious quetzal plumes, jaguar skins, and many other exotic items. Maya and Aztec Merchants Different types of merchants existed in ancient Mesoamerica: from local traders with central markets to regional merchants to the professional, long-distance merchants such as the Pochteca among the Aztecs and the Ppolom among the lowland Maya, known from Colonial records at the time of the Spanish conquest. These full-time merchants traveled over long distances and were often organized into guilds. All the information we have about their organization comes from the Late Postclassic when Spanish soldiers, missionaries, and officersimpressed with the organization of the Mesoamerican markets and merchantsleft detailed documentation about their social organization and functioning. Among the Yucatec Maya, who traded along the coast with large canoes with other Maya groups as well as with Caribbean communities, these merchants were called Ppolom. The Ppolom were long-distance traders who usually came from noble families and leaded trading expeditions to acquire valuable raw materials. Probably, the most famous category of merchants in Postclassic Mesoamerica, though, was the one of the Pochteca, who were full-time, long-distance merchants as well as informants of the Aztec empire. The Spanish left a detailed description of the social and political role of this group in the Aztec society. This allowed historians and archaeologists to reconstruct in detail the lifestyle as well as the organization of the pochteca. Sources Davà ­d Carrasco (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures, vol. 2, Oxford University Press.

Biography of Túpac Amaru, the Last of the Incan Lords

Biography of Tà ºpac Amaru, the Last of the Incan Lords Tà ºpac Amaru (1545–September 24, 1572) was the last of the indigenous rulers of the Inca. He ruled during the time of the Spanish occupation and was executed by the Spanish after the final defeat of the Neo-Inca state. Fast Facts: Tà ºpac Amaru Known For: The last indigenous ruler of the IncaAlso Known As: Tà ºpac Amaru,  Topa Amaru,  Thupa Amaro,  Tupaq Amaru, Thupaq AmaruBorn: 1545 (exact date unknown) in or near CuscoParents: Manco Capac (father); mother unknownDied: September 24, 1572  in CuscoSpouse: UnknownChildren: One sonNotable Quote: Ccollanan Pachacamac ricuy auccacunac yawarniy hichascancuta. (Pacha Kamaq, witness how my enemies shed my blood. Early Life Tupac Amaru, a member of the Incan royal family, grew up in the Incan convent Vilcabamba, the religious university of the Incas. As a young adult, he was against the Spanish occupation and rejected Christianity. Indigenous Incan leaders supported him because of that. Background When the Spanish arrived in the Andes in the early 1530s, they found the wealthy Inca Empire in turmoil. Feuding brothers Atahualpa and Huscar ruled over two halves of the mighty Empire. Huscar was killed by Atahuallpa’s agents and Atahualpa himself was captured and executed by the Spanish, effectively ending the time of the Inca. A brother of Atahualpa and Huscar, Manco Inca Yupanqui, managed to escape with some loyal followers and established himself head of a small kingdom, first at Ollantaytambo and later in Vilcabamba. Manco Inca Yupanqui was assassinated by Spanish deserters in 1544. His 5-year-old son Sayri Tà ºpac took over and ruled his small kingdom with the help of regents. The Spanish sent ambassadors and relations between the Spanish in Cusco and the Inca at Vilcabamba warmed. In 1560, Sayri Tà ºpac was eventually persuaded to come to Cusco, renounce his throne, and accept baptism. In exchange, he was given vast lands and a profitable marriage. He died suddenly in 1561, and his half-brother Titu Cusi Yupanqui became the leader of Vilcabamba. Titu Cusi was more cautious than his half-brother had been. He fortified Vilcabamba and refused to come to Cusco for any reason, although he did allow ambassadors to stay. In 1568, however, he finally relented, accepting baptism and, in theory, turning over his kingdom to the Spanish, although he consistently delayed any visit to Cusco. Spanish Viceroy Francisco de Toledo repeatedly attempted to buy off Titu Cusi with presents such as fine cloth and wine. In 1571, Titu Cusi became ill. Most of the Spanish diplomats were not in Vilcabamba at the time, leaving only Friar Diego Ortiz and translator Pedro Pando. Tà ºpac Amaru Ascends the Throne The Inca lords in Vilcabamba asked Friar Ortiz to ask his God to save Titu Cusi. When Titu Cusi died, they held the friar accountable and killed him by tying a rope through his lower jaw and dragging him through town. Pedro Pando was also killed. Next in line was Tà ºpac Amaru, Titu Cusi’s brother, who had been living in semi-seclusion in a temple. About the time Tà ºpac Amaru was made leader, a Spanish diplomat returning to Vilcabamba from Cusco was killed. Although it is unlikely that Tà ºpac Amaru had anything to do with it, he was blamed and the Spanish prepared for war. War with the Spanish Tà ºpac Amaru had only been in charge for a few weeks when the Spanish arrived, led by 23-year-old Martà ­n Garcà ­a Oà ±ez de Loyola, a promising officer of noble blood who would later become governor of Chile. After a couple of skirmishes, the Spanish managed to capture Tà ºpac Amaru and his top generals. They relocated all the men and women who had been living in Vilcabamba and brought Tà ºpac Amaru and the generals back to Cusco. Dates of birth for Tà ºpac Amaru are vague, but he was approximately in his late 20s at the time. They were all sentenced to die for insurrection: the generals by hanging and Tà ºpac Amaru by beheading. Death The generals were thrown in prison and tortured, and Tà ºpac Amaru was sequestered and given intense religious training for several days. He eventually converted and accepted baptism. Some of the generals had been tortured so badly that they died before making it to the gallows- although their bodies were hung anyway. Tà ºpac Amaru was led through the city escorted by 400 Caà ±ari warriors, traditional bitter enemies of the Inca. Several important priests, including the influential Bishop Agustà ­n de la Coruà ±a, pleaded for his life, but Viceroy Francisco de Toledo ordered the sentence to be carried out. The heads of Tà ºpac Amaru and his generals were put on pikes and left at the scaffold. Before long, the locals- many of whom still considered the Inca ruling family to be divine- started worshiping the head of Tà ºpac Amaru, leaving offerings and small sacrifices. When notified of this, Viceroy Toledo ordered the head to be buried with the rest of the body. With the death of Tà ºpac Amaru and the destruction of the last Inca kingdom in Vilcabamba, Spanish domination of the region was complete. Historic Context Tà ºpac Amaru never really had a chance; he came into power at a time when events had already conspired against him. The deaths of the Spanish priest, interpreter, and ambassador were not of his doing, as they took place before he was made the leader of Vilcabamba. As a result of these tragedies, he was forced to fight a war he may not have even wanted. In addition, Viceroy Toledo had already decided to stamp out the last Inca holdout at Vilcabamba. The legality of the conquest of the Inca was being seriously questioned by reformers (primarily in the religious orders) in Spain and in the New World, and Toledo knew that without a ruling family to which the Empire could be returned, questioning the legality of the conquest was moot. Although Viceroy Toledo was reprimanded by the crown for the execution, he did the king a favor by removing the last legitimate legal threat to Spanish rule in the Andes. Legacy Today Tà ºpac Amaru stands as a symbol for the indigenous people of Peru of the horrors of the conquest and Spanish colonial rule. He is considered the first indigenous leader to seriously rebel against the Spanish in an organized way and, as such, he has become the inspiration for many guerrilla groups over the centuries. In 1780, his great-grandson Josà © Gabriel Condorcanqui adopted the name Tà ºpac Amaru and launched a short-lived but serious rebellion against the Spanish in Peru. The Peruvian communist rebel group Movimiento Revolucionario Tà ºpac Amaru (â€Å"Tà ºpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement†) took their name from him, as did the Uruguayan Marxist rebel group the Tupamaros. Tupac Amaru Shakur (1971–1996) was an American rapper who was named after Tà ºpac Amaru II. Sources De Gamboa, Pedro Sarmiento, History of the Incas. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 1999. (written in Peru in 1572)MacQuarrie, Kim.  The Last Days of the Incas, Simon Schuster, 2007.

Alternatives to Microsoft office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternatives to Microsoft office - Essay Example The most notable of alternative office software packages is the OpenOffice.org suite. OpenOffice.org is free to download, and is completely open source. It can be used freely for any reason, including commercial. The software will never expire, and the wording of the licensing agreement ensures that any user who downloads a free copy can never be charged for it even if there are later policy changes. The program is capable of opening and reading documents in most formats, including the standard .doc*, .ppt*, and .xls* file types, as well as saving files into pre-2007 formats and PDF documents. There is no capacity to save into the .*x format, but as the current Microsoft Office suite is backwards compatible to that format, even when sending files to other users this is a non-issue (OpenOffice.org). The Microsoft Word alternative, OpenOffice.org Writer, and the Powerpoint alternative, OpenOffice.org Impress, are nearly identical in features offered and ease of use. The layout is simil ar to pre-2007 Office and so feels comfortable and familiar to most users of the Office software bundle (OpenOffice.org). However, OpenOffice.org Calc and Base, the products comparative to Microsoft Excel and Access, leave much to be desired in calculating power and data analysis.

Real Resonance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Real Resonance - Essay Example I did not have any concerns about the procedure of snorkeling since I had gone many times before. However, I wondered how the not-so experienced tourists could focus on the instructors while the other guy was so busy trying to distract people with his crazy display of water maneuvers. I mentioned this to my friend and she shrugged it off as she is a former lifeguard, current swim instructor, and very experienced in the water. The boat took us out to sea and I grabbed a lifejacket to hold on to just in case I got tired. No one else had a lifejacket with them. I noticed that the only other boat in the water was quite a ways from us. There were several people who had never snorkeled before and I mentioned to my friend that the instructors weren't very helpful. One guy was sitting in the boat having a drink and the other was breaking off chunks of coral as he performed flips and turns to impress the tourists who were trying to enjoy the underwater world through the glass bottom boat; instead they got to view him. The sea life was amazing and I do not remember how long it took until I looked up and noticed that our boat was gone! There we were ten of us stranded at sea with one lifejacket, no "Diver Down" flag or anything to allow other boats to see us and to keep from hitting us, and the boat in the distance had disappeared! No one else seemed to mind but my friend and I were getting a little nervous.